A diet rich in monounsaturated fat is associated with higher levels of total and high-molecular weight adiponectin
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The aim of the study was to examine the influence of macronutrient intake on adiponectin levels, an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing properties, the serum levels of which are reduced in obesity and insulin-resistant states. Epidemiological data suggest that high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin may be especially related to vasculoprotection. In total, 164 pre- and stage-1 hypertensive adults participating in the Optimal Macro-Nutrient Intake Heart (OMNI-Heart) trial were tested. Subjects underwent three 6-week feeding periods: one rich in carbohydrates (CARB), one rich in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and one rich in protein (PROT). High-molecular weight (HMW) and total adiponectin levels decreased after baseline, whereas the percent HMW adiponectin remained unchanged. Regarding the three diets, the MUFA diet resulted in higher HMW and total adiponectin levels than either the CARB or PROT diet. Changes in total adiponectin were positively correlated to changes in HDL cholesterol regardless of diets. No correlation was found between changes in lipids, blood pressure, or insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR). In conclusion, a diet rich in MUFA was associated with higher levels of total and HMW adiponectin in comparison to a carbohydrate- or protein-rich diet.
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