Metabolic syndrome shown to enhance blood pressure response to sodium intake
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The study was designed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and salt sensitivity of blood pressure. To this end, Chinese nondiabetic volunteers aged ≥16 years were recruited to receive a low-sodium diet for 7 days followed by a high-sodium diet for an additional 7 days. High salt sensitivity was defined as a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure of >5 mmHg during low-sodium or an increase of >5 mmHg during high-sodium intake. A total of 1853 participants completed the low-sodium diet and 1845 the high-sodium diet. After multivariable adjustments, changes in blood pressure were significantly greater in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome. Moreover, risk of salt sensitivity rose with increasing numbers of discrete components for the metabolic syndrome, participants with four or five components having a 3.54-fold increased odds of high salt-sensitivity during the low-sodium, and a 3.13-fold increased odds of high salt-sensitivity during the high-sodium intervention as compared to subjects with no component. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome appears to enhance blood pressure response to salt intake. Reduction in dietary sodium intake could be an especially important means to reduce blood pressure in patients scoring high in metabolic syndrome phenotypic components.
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